Clinical research may be a branch of healthcare science that determines the security and effectiveness of medicines , devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use. These could also be used for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or for relieving symptoms of a disease. The term "clinical research" refers to the whole bibliography of a drug/device/biologic, actually any test article from its inception within the lab to its introduction to the buyer market and beyond. Once the promising candidate or the molecule is identified within the lab, it's subjected to pre-clinical studies or animal studies where different aspects of the test article (including its safety toxicity if applicable and efficacy, if possible at this early stage) are studied. within the us , when a test article is unapproved or not yet cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or when an approved or cleared test article is employed during a way which will significantly increase the risks (or decreases the acceptability of the risks), the info obtained from the pre-clinical studies or other supporting evidence, case studies of off label use, etc. are submitted in support of an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to the FDA for review before conducting studies that involve even one human and a test article if the results are intended to be submitted to or held for inspection by the FDA at any time within the future (in the case of an already approved test article, if intended to submit or hold for inspection by the FDA in support of a change in labeling or advertising).