Climate change impacts are not homogeneous across territories and depend crucially on the characteristics of each natural ecosystem, and on both the vulnerability and resilience of the local communities inhabiting those territories. In such context, climate adaptation measures depend imperatively on the local knowledge of the territory, its geography, ecosystem services, and the priorities and features of the local communities directly affected by climate change impacts.
It is understood that planning for climate change adaptation fundamentally requires the development of participatory processes that consider the understanding, concerns, and enlightenment of local communities, since great adaptation initiatives could come from simple measures and local know-how .Climate change is not occurring in isolation and there are a range of other global changes—stratospheric ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, changes in land use patterns and depletion of aquifers, all of which may also have effects on human health and society. There are linkages between climate change and some of these other phenomena, for example, the rise in the temperature of the lower atmosphere may increase stratospheric ozone depletion. Deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity, particularly when it involves tropical forests, and also results in a release of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Population growth in developing countries and unsustainable patterns of consumption in industrialized nations are increasing the strain on earth's life support systems and the demand for energy