In 1999, a 31-year-old male farmer, who was a resident in the forest zone of Pernambuco, was admitted to the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco. At the time of admission, he presented with asthenia and headache, and had diarrhea for at least 30 days. He was diagnosed with HIV, and began receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) with stavudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. Meanwhile, his 25-year-old partner and 9-month-old daughter were diagnosed with HIV infection.