Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.Immuno-oncology is the study and development of treatments that take advantage of the body's immune system to fight cancer. Our immune system is a complex network of organs, cells and molecules that protects us from foreign substances—such as bacteria and viruses—that can cause infectionImmuno-oncology works by stimulating our immune system to fight back, when it wouldn't usually be able to. ... Immuno-oncology involves mobilising lymphocytes to recognise and eliminate cancer cells using the body's immune systemIn a study led by UCLA investigators, treatment with the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab helped more than 15 percent of people with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer live for at least five years—and 25 percent of patients whose tumor cells had a specific protein lived at least that long.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer develops when the body’s normal control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die and instead grow out of control, forming new, abnormal cells. These extra cells may form a mass of tissue, called a tumor. Some cancers, such as leukemia, do not form tumors.