Stem cell transplantation is the transplantation of multipotent stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. The two main types of stem cell transplants are autologous and allogeneic. It is a medical procedure in the field of hematology, most often performed for patients with certain cancers of the blood or bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or leukemia. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) are procedures that restore stem cells that have been destroyed by high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. There are three types of transplants: In autologous transplants, patients receive their own stem cells. At one-year post-transplant, patients who received an unrelated transplant showed an increased survival rate from 48 to 63 percent, while the survival rate for related transplant recipients did not improve.