Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of the body. It is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. It also serves as a storage area for calcium, playing a large role in calcium balance in the blood. The 206 bones in the body serve several other purposes. They support and protect internal organs (for example, the skull protects the brain and the ribs protect the lungs). Muscles pull against bones to make the body move. Bone marrow, the soft, spongy tissue in the centre of many bones, makes and stores blood cells. The major functions of bones are to: Provide structural support for the body, provide protection of vital organs, provide an environment for marrow (where blood cells are produced), Act as a storage area for minerals (such as calcium). Osteoporosis is a bone disease where there is a reduction in bone mineral density. This increases the risk of fractures occurring. Osteoporosis is most common in women after the menopause. However, it can happen in premenopausal women and men. Osteoporosis occurs either when removal or resorption of bone happens too quickly, new bone is formed too slowly, or for both reasons. It can be caused by having inadequate calcium, a vitamin D deficiency, consuming excessive alcohol, or smoking tobacco