Regulation of body weight in humans- The mechanisms involved in body weight regulation in humans include genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors. Stability ofbody weight and body composition requires that energy intake matches energy expenditure and that nutrient balance is achieved. Body weight is regulated by the ability of hypothalamic neurons to orchestrate behavioral, endocrine and autonomic responses via afferent and efferent pathways to the brainstem and the periphery. Weight maintenance requires a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure.