A biosensor is an analytical device used for the detection of a chemical substance, which combines a physico-chemical detector with a biological component. The sensitive biological element, eg tissue, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, etc., is a biomimetic material or component of the biological origin that interacts with, binds to or recognizes the underlying study. Biologically sensitive elements can also be created by biological engineering. The transducer or the detector element, which transforms one signal into another, functions in a physicochemical way: optical, piezoelectric, electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence etc., resulting from the analysis of the interaction to measure and quantify easily. The biosensor reader connects to electronics or associated signal processors which are mainly responsible for displaying the results in a user-friendly manner. This is probably the most expensive part of the sensor device, but it is possible to generate a user-friendly display that includes a transducer and a holographic sensor. Readers are often designed and manufactured to adapt to different operating principles of biosensors, but it is possible to generate a user-friendly display that includes a transducer and a holographic sensor. Readers are generally designed and manufactured to measure and adapt to different operating principles of biosensors, but it is possible to generate a user-friendly display that includes a transducer and a holographic sensor.
There are many potential applications of biosensors of various types. The main requirements for a biosensor approach to be valuable in terms of research and commercial applications are the identification of a target molecule, availability of a suitable biological recognition element, and the potential for disposable portable detection systems to be preferred to sensitive laboratory-based techniques in some situations. Some examples are glucose monitoring in diabetes patients, other medical health related targets, environmental applications e.g. the detection of pesticides and river water contaminants such as heavy metal ions, remote sensing of airborne bacteria e.g. in counter-bioterrorist activities, remote sensing of water quality in coastal waters by describing online different aspects of clam ethology (biological rhythms, growth rates, spawning or death records) in groups of abandoned bivalves around the world, detection of pathogens