Titanium oxide is a heterogeneous catalyst whose efficient photoinduced activity, related to some of its allotropic forms, paved the way for its widespread technological use. Here, we offer a comparative analysis of the use of titanium oxide as coating for materials in biomedical devices. First, we introduce the photoinduced catalytic mechanisms of TiO2 and their action on biological environment and bacteria. Second, we overview the main physical and chemical technologies for structuring suitable TiO2 coatings on biomedical devices. We then present the approaches for in vitro characterization of these surfaces. Finally, we discuss the main aspects of TiO2 photoactivated antimicrobial activity on medical devices and limitations for these types of applications. A medical device is a device intended for medical purposes. Medical devices benefit patients by diagnosing and treating health care providers and helping patients overcome their illness or disease. A significant potential danger is inherent in the use of a device for medical purposes and, therefore, medical devices that must be proven safe and effective in their country. Generally, the risk associated with the device increases, the number of tests required to establish safety and effectiveness. In addition, as the associated risk increases, The discovery of what would be considered a medical device by modern standards dates back to c. 7000 BC in Baluchistan where Neolithic dentists used flint-tipped drills and bow strings. The study of archeology and Roman medical literature also found that many types of medical devices were widely used in ancient Rome. In the United States, it was not until 1938 that the Federal Food,