In common law jurisdictions, medical malpractice liability is normally based on the laws of negligence. Although the laws of medical malpractice differ significantly between nations, as a broad general rule liability follows when a health care practitioner does not show a fair, reasonable and competent degree of skill when providing medical care to a patient. If a practitioner holds himself out as a specialist a higher degree of skill is required. Jurisdictions have also been increasingly receptive to claims based on informed consent, raised by patients who allege that they were not adequately informed of the risks of medical procedures before agreeing to treatment. Agricultural production and productivity are directly linked with nutrient availability. For sustained high crop yields, the application of nutrients is required. The term ‘nutrient availability’ has been used and defined in many ways. Hence, any use of the term needs to be accompanied by an appropriate definition. The Soil Science Society of America has defined available nutrients: (1) the amounts of soil nutrients in chemical forms accessible to plant roots or compounds likely to be convertible to such forms during the growing season, and (2) the contents of legally designated available nutrients in fertilizers determined by specified laboratory procedures which in most states constitute the legal basis for guarantees. Review journals are the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competences as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility.