Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body that connects the calf muscles to heel bone and is used while walking, running, and jumping. Achilles tendinitis is a condition that causes pain along the back of the leg near the heel. Achilles tendinopathy is a condition that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and weakness of the Achilles tendon Achilles tendinopathy generally affects athletes, recreational exercisers and even inactive people. Scholarly journal is a peer-reviewed journal in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.
Achilles tendinopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by the combination of pain, swelling, and impaired performance. The etiology of Achilles tendinopathy is multifactorial including intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The histological studies demonstrate an increased number of tenocytes and concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the ground substance, disorganization and fragmentation of the collagen, and neovascularization. The sources of pain in Achilles tendinopathy are very complicated. The pain may originate from multiple factors. There are variable conservative and surgical treatment options for Achilles tendinopathy. However, there is no gold standard of the treatments because of the controversial clinical results between various studies. In the future, more new level I researches are needed to prove the effect of these treatment options.