Elaine S. Ullian has been a member of our board since October 2007, and our Lead Independent Director since June 2015. Ms. Ullian served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Boston Medical Center, the successor of Boston University Medical Center Hospital from 1996 until her retirement in January 2010. In April 1994, Ms. Ullian was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Boston University Medical Center Hospital. From January 1987 to March 1994, Ms. Ullian held the position of President and Chief Executive Officer of Faulkner Corporation/Faulkner Hospital. She holds two academic appointments: Associate Professor at Boston University School of Medicine and lecturer at Harvard University School of Public Health. Ms. Ullian also serves as a director of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, where she is Co-Lead Director, Chair of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and a member of the Management Development and Compensation Committee, and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., where she is a member of the Compensation Committee. Ms. Ullian previously served as one of our directors from 1996 to 2003 and previously served as a director of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.

 surgery